Effects of Siting Domestic Wastewater Facilities Near Boreholes on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of Ughell North Delta State, Nigeria.
Abstract
In Ughelli, pipe borne water supply is non-existent presently; hence many homes resorted to boreholes as a source of water for drinking and other household uses. Five borehole waters in selected areas at Ughelli were investigated for possible interaction of wastewater facilities effluents. The selected locations are Afiesere Road, Evueta Street, Egor Street, Ekiugbo Primary School and Iwhenene area designated BH1, BH2, BH3, BH4 and BH5 respectively. The elevations, coordinates of the locations and distances of boreholes from wastewater facilities were determined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) device and a tape rule respectively. The parameters analyzed and results were: appearance, pH 4.0 to 4.9; electrical conductivity (EC) 19.0 to 140.0 (?S/cm), temperature 26.0 to 31.0 and turbidity 1.0 to 1.8(NTU). Other determinants were total dissolved solids (TDS)12.8 to 96.2(mg/l);sulphates 2.87 to 15.44(mg/l); nitrates 2.1 to 18.93(mg/l); ammonium 0.08 to 8.72(mg/l); bio-chemical oxygen demand 0.5 to 0.7(mg/l); total coliform bacteria (TCB) 9.6 to 17.2(cfu), and e-coli BDL to 3.5(cfu).The parameters analyzed are those that were relevant to the assessment of water contamination by domestic effluents from wastewater facilities. Also, the levels of contaminants slightly increased with decreasing distance from wastewater facilities for total coliform bacteria (TCB) and e-coli with relation to elevation of the area. The results obtained in the various locations were compared with World Health Organization Standard for Drinking Water (WHO 2008 and NSDWQ 2007). The results indicated that the selected boreholes in Ughelli that were sited up-slope relative to wastewater facility and more than 5m away from the wastewater facility have values of most physico-chemical parameters that were within the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The findings from this study showed that water quality was slightly affected by seasonal variation and the distance of the borehole from the wastewater facility. The contamination problems in borehole water from Ughelli needs stringent management measures to be put in place by the local and State Government to safeguard the human health and environment.
Citations
IRE Journals:
Amos Adarighofua Omoraka , Austine Omoraka , O. A Obiora-okeke , Ikikiru Diatachekor Friday , Ijeamiran Tunde Marvelous
"Effects of Siting Domestic Wastewater Facilities Near Boreholes on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of Ughell North Delta State, Nigeria." Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 7 Issue 4 2023 Page 476-486
IEEE:
Amos Adarighofua Omoraka , Austine Omoraka , O. A Obiora-okeke , Ikikiru Diatachekor Friday , Ijeamiran Tunde Marvelous
"Effects of Siting Domestic Wastewater Facilities Near Boreholes on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of Ughell North Delta State, Nigeria." Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 7(4)
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