Some construction projects are small-scale renovation projects or renovation projects, in which the owner can act as the designer, payer and worker of the entire project. However, more complex or ambitious projects usually require more interdisciplinary knowledge and manpower so that the owner can hire one or more professional companies to carry out detailed planning, planning, construction, and delivery. Usually, the owner will hire a company to oversee the project (it can be a designer, contractor, site manager or other consultant). These experts are usually appointed based on their experience in the project and assist the owner in preparing the project report, agreeing on the budget and timetable, contacting relevant government agencies and using the services of other experts (supply chain). (Including subcontractors). All companies negotiate service contracts with other detailed plans to ensure that the work is done legally, on time, on budget, and safely. The design, financial and legal aspects overlap and are interrelated. It is only structurally reasonable and suitable for use and placement, and must also be economically feasible and legal to use. The financial structure must be suitable for creating the submitted project and paying the legally required arrears to ensure compliance with financial and construction processes. These processes can also affect purchasing strategies. For example, customers can entrust companies to develop projects. Then a competitive process is carried out to appoint a general contractor to build the factory (project bidding). You can appoint a company to be responsible for design and build (design-build). Or they can directly appoint designers, contractors and professional subcontractors (site management).Various forms of procurement emphasize the importance of collaborative relationships (partnerships, alliances) between customers, contractors, and other stakeholders in construction projects.

A In today’s word one of the major leading factors to health problem is STRESS. The basic parameters on which stress can be identified are heart rate, galvanic skin response, body temperature, blood pressure, which provides detailed information of the state of mind of a person. These parameters varying from person to person on the basis of certain things such as their body condition, age and gender. The main goal of the system is to analyze the mental stress through physiological data using electrocardiograph in different positions and moods. Different pre-processing techniques can be used for stress detection. In feature extraction discrete wavelet transform can apply. Many classifiers like artificial neural network, support vector machine, Bayesian network, and decision tree are using to get more accurate results based on accuracy. Physiological sensors analytics is becoming more and more important as the availability of sensor-enabled portable, wearable, and implantable devices becomes ubiquitous in the growing Internet of Things (IOT). Physiological multi-sensor studies have been conducted successfully to detect stress.

A state of large landfill areas redevelopment program in many parts of the country has cause to bring the use of recycled aggregate. The low quality of recycled aggregate has not use to low-grade applications such as roadwork sub-base and pavements, while its adoption for higher-grade concrete is rare because of the lower compressive strength and higher in mechanical performance of recycled aggregate. A new method, that is the two-stage mixing approach (TSMA), was publically recommends to improve the quality of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) by splitting the mixing process into two stages. The variation of compressive strength by experiments involves new mixing method with the two-stage mixing approach by various proportion ingredients with varying percentage of fly ash and rice husk ash and with the constant percentage of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA). Based on experimental works and results, improvements in strength to fly ash, Rice husk ash and RCA were achieved with TSMA. This can be regarded as to the porous in nature of RA and the mixing process that fills up some of pores and cracks, resulting in a denser aggregate and concrete. An good RA gives a higher strength than the normal mixing approach (NMA).

Pesticides are the biological toxicants, which are being used by the man to kill the pests for increasing the yield of many crops and insect vectors to control the spread of disease. The use of pesticides has caused severe environmental and health hazards to organisms including human beings. Excessive use of pesticides may lead to the destruction of biodiversity. Many birds, aquatic organisms and animals are under the threat of harmful pesticides for their survival. This article intends to discuss about pesticides and their ill impact on biodiversity and environment.

Pharmacodynamics shows what a drug does to the human body. It also involves receptor binding, postreceptor binding and chemical interactions. “Pharmaco “ means “drug” and “dynamics” means “power”. There is a term called pharmacokinetics, it explains how the body processes the drug. It is mainly focused on the drug and the body. But pharmacodynamics shows the interactions between the drugs and the pathogen (which is responsible for the infection in the patient) present in the human body. Primary pharmacodynamics is based on the mode of action of drugs and effects in relation to its desired therapeutic target. Nowadays, pharmacodynamics are in pain management also. Their mechanism of action on the microorganism and other parasites within or on the body. There are several mechanisms ( pharmacodynamics ) by which drugs can interact as pharmacokinetics ( absorption, metabolism etc..) or may be combined interaction. Pharmacodynamics shows the response of the body to the drugs given. It gives the relation between the concentration of the drug and the resulting effects on the body. Toxicodynamics is the toxicological part of pharmacodynamics. Both are impotant since the drug given to the patient lowers the serum concentration in the body. Here we can see the overview of the action of drugs.