Fish muscle physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish muscle function together in the living fish. It can be contrasted with fish anatomy, which is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. In practice, fish anatomy and physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the later dealing with how those components function together in the living fish. Physiological properties of fish muscle therefore, is the total breakdown of the muscle components and there various role in the muscle. Muscle development cannot as well be left out in understanding of the muscle properties. Red muscle fibres are commonly confined to a narrow strip along the lateral line and constitute less than 10 % of the myotomal musculature. Intermediate or pink fibres are in accordance to their name not only intermediate in position between red and white muscle fibres but also in many other aspects. The current state of knowledge were reviewed here and the physiological properties of fish muscle ranging from its development (growth), structure, physical, biochemical and metabolic properties and impact on muscle structure and quality was discussed. It is recommended that more attention should be given to fish muscle physiology in order to enhance fish muscle formation which is directly proportional to fish fast growth. This is believe to help in manipulation of the muscle growth factors to quicken growth and maximize profits in an ideal environment and circumstance.

The success of every system is defined on how effectively every employee's performance is assessed and managed. Performance management is an important part of every organization, and it has developed it in to a useful element for any company who wants to succeed. Organizational culture, often referred as productivity, applies to a company's real results as measured. The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) was set up by Act No. 33 of 1977 with the core mandate to carry out exploration and production of hydrocarbon resources, refining, distribution and marketing of petroleum products nation-wide for the benefit of all Nigerians and other stakeholders. Therefore, this study will investigate whether there is performance management in NNPC and offer suitable performance management model for the organization. The study adopted multiple research designs where structured questionnaires were administered to three hundred and sixty-seven (367) staff of the Corporation. Data obtained from the field survey were statistically put to test using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that there is performance management at NNPC; however, it is ineffective to drive its productivity. Also, it is discovered that there exist a positive relationship of 74% between the Performance Management Model and Organizational Productivity. The result is significant as the p-value (of 0.000?5%, the criterion significance level). Besides, it is found that there is a suitable performance management model for NNPC. The study concludes that performance management is a panacea for enhancing/improving the productivity of the NNPC. Consequently, the study recommends, that management of NNPC should set-the-stage accurately by defining employee’s goals and aligning them with the corporate strategy. Also, to get the maximum support from employees, management should, from-time-to-time, conduct appraisal process including listening, observing, constructive feedback, and provision recognition, constructive analysis of employee’s performance.

This paper assesses the reliability, stability and efficiency of the proposed (post reform) 10,000MW capacity 330kV grid and the extent to which it will provide solution to the numerous problems that presently plague the existing (pre reform) grid. Using MATLAB, load flow studies are first conducted on both the 31 bus system pre reform grid and the 49 bus system post reform grid using both the Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson iteration methods. Furthermore, the grid is subjected to contingency assessment to determine its capacity to withstand various contingencies that practical power systems encounter. The results obtained show that the post reform grid is a great improvement on the pre reform grid.

The responsible way of utilizing energy sources is highly debatable these days. It is crucial to select the right source of energy with proper reasoning. A vast majority of factors ought to be taken into account such as being environmentally friendly, stable, cost effective, efficient and clean. As higher wind flow and hydro energy sources. Various methods of harnessing these renewable energy sources are already available. But the main challenge is the utilization of these resources in a sustainable and sufficient manner. Factors such as wastage of excess power wastage due to less demand is a major concern in this type of systems. Properly designing a system which can utilize this extra produced power into converting or conserving power for future use is the main concern in this design proposal. Following these reasons are why the exploration of new and effective renewable energy sources and methods of harnessing are done. To further increase efficiency and productivity, stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems are designed. In this paper, the possibilities of solar and wind renewable energy systems are discussed and possible methods are presented with comprehensive supporting data and reasoning by Homer Pro software.

Nigeria’s electricity supply is grossly inadequate, irregular and unreliable. Total available daily generation varies from time to time but usually ranges from about 3,000 MW to 4,000 MW. This is far from meeting the national power demand of 40,000 MW (connected and suppressed demand). The result is that many industries have closed down their businesses or relocated to neighbouring countries resulting in high rate of unemployment and cost of goods and services. Manufacturers are forced to depend on self-generation for survival. This paper posits that complete dependence on Nigeria’s total installed grid capacity of 12,954.40 MW (as at December 2019) portends a great danger to the largest economy in Africa as there is no grid-connected renewables in the country. Besides ensuring future low-carbon energy development, it draws attention to the huge renewable energy potentials of Nigeria ready for exploitation to mitigate the current energy crisis.